GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

Target: GLP-1R

Liraglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes and weight management. The first GLP-1 approved for weight loss, it produces 5-10% body weight reduction. Requires daily injection due to its ~13 hour half-life, but has the longest safety track record among GLP-1 medications.

Target: GLP-1R / GIPR / glucagon receptor triple agonist

Retatrutide is an investigational triple agonist targeting GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors simultaneously. Phase 2 trials showed unprecedented 24% weight loss at the highest dose — the most ever recorded for any obesity medication. Currently in Phase 3 clinical trials, it represents the next generation of metabolic therapies.

Target: GLP-1R

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes and weight management. It reduces appetite, slows gastric emptying, and improves insulin sensitivity, producing 15-20% weight loss in clinical trials. Administered as a once-weekly injection due to its ~7 day half-life.

Target: GLP-1R / glucagon receptor dual agonist

Survodutide is a dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist being investigated for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). By activating both GLP-1 and glucagon receptors, it promotes appetite suppression, fat oxidation, and improved hepatic lipid metabolism. In Phase III clinical trials showing significant weight loss and liver fat reduction.

Target: GLP-1R / GIPR dual agonist

Tirzepatide is the first dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes and weight management. Its dual mechanism produces superior weight loss (20-25% in trials) compared to GLP-1-only medications. Administered once weekly with powerful effects on appetite, blood sugar, and body composition.