Immune-Modulating Peptides

Target: α-MSH C-terminal tripeptide / melanocortin signaling

KPV is a tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val) derived from alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). It possesses potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties without the pigmentation effects of its parent molecule. Research focuses on inflammatory bowel disease, skin conditions, wound healing, and gut health. It reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulates immune responses.

Target: Bacterial membrane disruption / FPR2 (host cells)

LL-37 is a human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide that plays a role in innate immunity. Studied for its antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and wound healing properties. Researched in contexts of infection, inflammation, and immune support.

Target: TLR2 / TLR9 (T-cell maturation)

Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) is a 28-amino acid immunomodulatory peptide naturally produced by the thymus gland. It enhances T-cell function, dendritic cell maturation, and cytokine balance. Approved in over 35 countries as Zadaxin for hepatitis B/C and as an immune adjuvant. Research explores applications in chronic infections, cancer immunotherapy, immune deficiency, and vaccine enhancement.

Target: Zinc-dependent thymic hormone (T-cell differentiation)

Thymulin (also known as Facteur Thymique Sérique or FTS) is a 9-amino acid peptide naturally produced by thymic epithelial cells. It requires zinc for biological activity and plays essential roles in T-cell differentiation, immune regulation, and neuroendocrine function. Research explores applications in immune aging, autoimmune conditions, hair loss, and as an anti-aging intervention. Thymulin levels decline significantly with age.