What makes SS-31 unique?
SS-31 (Elamipretide) specifically targets mitochondria, concentrating in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It's designed to improve mitochondrial function, reduce oxidative stress, and support cellular energy production. It's in clinical trials for mitochondrial diseases and heart failure.
How does SS-31 work at the molecular level?
SS-31 binds to cardiolipin, a phospholipid found only in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This stabilizes the electron transport chain, improves ATP production efficiency, and reduces the leakage of electrons that create harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). The result is better energy production with less oxidative damage.
What conditions is SS-31 being studied for?
SS-31 is in clinical trials for primary mitochondrial myopathy, Barth syndrome, heart failure, age-related macular degeneration, and kidney disease. It's also researched for general aging, as mitochondrial dysfunction underlies many age-related diseases. Results have been promising for improving exercise capacity and reducing fatigue.
Can SS-31 improve exercise performance?
Research suggests SS-31 can improve exercise tolerance by enhancing mitochondrial ATP production. Clinical trials in patients with mitochondrial myopathy showed improved 6-minute walk distance and reduced fatigue. For healthy individuals, it may support endurance and recovery by optimizing cellular energy production.
How is SS-31 administered?
In clinical trials, SS-31 (Elamipretide) is administered via subcutaneous injection or intravenous infusion. Research dosages have ranged from 0.01 to 0.25 mg/kg. It has good bioavailability and rapidly concentrates in mitochondria-rich tissues like heart, muscle, and kidney.
What is the connection between SS-31 and aging?
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging — mitochondria become less efficient and produce more damaging ROS over time. SS-31 addresses this by stabilizing mitochondrial function. Animal studies show it can reverse age-related decline in cardiac function, muscle strength, and kidney function. It's considered a promising anti-aging intervention.
Is SS-31 FDA approved?
Not yet. SS-31 (as Elamipretide) has received FDA Fast Track and Orphan Drug designations for certain conditions. It's currently in Phase 3 trials for primary mitochondrial myopathy and has shown promise in Phase 2 trials for heart failure. Approval decisions are pending based on ongoing trial results.
What are the side effects of SS-31?
In clinical trials, SS-31 has been generally well-tolerated. The most common side effects include injection site reactions and mild headache. Some patients experienced transient flushing. Serious adverse events have been rare. Its safety profile is encouraging given its novel mechanism of action.
How long does reconstituted peptide last?
Once mixed with bacteriostatic water, peptides remain stable for up to 4 weeks when refrigerated at 2-8°C (36-46°F). Unopened powder can last 1+ year in the freezer. Get our complete Storage & Travel Guide.
Is this peptide legal to purchase?
Peptides sold "for research purposes only" are legal to purchase in the US, but are not FDA-approved for human use outside of specific medical applications. Always consult a healthcare provider before use.
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