SS-31 (Elamipretide)
A mitochondrial peptide for cellular energy, anti-aging, and organ protection. SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted peptide that concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Studied for improving mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative stress, and supporting cellular energy production. In clinical trials for mitochondrial diseases and heart failure.
Compare Prices🧬Key Characteristics
- Length: 4 amino acids(Tetrapeptide.)
- Target: Cardiolipin(Inner mitochondrial membrane.)
- Mechanism: ETC optimization(Reduces ROS, improves ATP.)
- Primary Use: Mitochondrial health(Anti-aging + organ protection.)
Overview
Core Benefits
Key AdvantagesThese are educational summaries of commonly discussed effects in wellness/regenerative contexts, not guarantees.
SS-31 (Elamipretide) Results Timeline
ProgressionTimeline is illustrative and non-guaranteed. Outcomes vary and are commonly discussed alongside training, nutrition, sleep, and cycling practices.
How It Works
Longevity Peptide — Mitochondrial ProtectantTarget → Signal → Effect → Outcomes
Cardiolipin (Inner Mitochondrial Membrane)
SS-31 (Elamipretide) specifically targets cardiolipin, a phospholipid found almost exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Cardiolipin is essential for electron transport chain function and ATP production. It's one of the few peptides that penetrates directly into mitochondria.
Cardiolipin Stabilization → ETC Optimization
By binding and stabilizing cardiolipin, SS-31 optimizes electron transport chain efficiency, reduces electron leak (which causes oxidative damage), and improves ATP production. This directly addresses the mitochondrial dysfunction that underlies many age-related conditions.
Improved Cellular Energy + Reduced Oxidative Stress
Better mitochondrial function means more efficient energy production in every cell. Reduced oxidative stress protects against age-related damage. Currently in clinical trials for heart failure, kidney disease, and mitochondrial myopathy.
Energy Improvements → Exercise Tolerance → Vitality
Improved energy levels and reduced fatigue. Better exercise tolerance and recovery. Effects are gradual and cumulative. Currently investigational — clinical trials are exploring applications in age-related conditions.
What Makes This Peptide Different
SS-31 is one of the only peptides that penetrates directly into mitochondria. While MOTS-c activates AMPK (an energy-sensing pathway), SS-31 physically enters mitochondria and stabilizes their inner membrane structure. This makes it uniquely targeted for mitochondrial dysfunction — the underlying cause of many aging-related conditions.
Dosing Protocol
Longevity / MitochondriaEducational reference only. Individual responses vary. Consult healthcare provider before use.
Why This Dosing Protocol
Why daily? SS-31's mitochondrial protective effects require consistent presence to maintain cardiolipin stabilization. The 5 on / 2 off cycling prevents potential adaptation.
Why morning? Aligning with the body's peak energy demand period. SS-31 supports mitochondrial energy production, making morning dosing most functionally relevant.
Diagrams
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SS-31 (Elamipretide) Pricing
We surface in-stock offers first and normalize by price per mg for quick comparisons.
50 mg / vial
In-stock offersOut of stock (3)
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Reconstitution calculator
Dilution math and unit conversions. Prefilled using a common vial size for this peptide.
Open calculatorEducational Videos
How to Reconstitute Peptides
Handling
Educational overview on storage, labeling, and traceability considerations for lab environments. Consult primary literature and vendor documentation for specifics.
- Freezer (-20°C): 1+ year ✓
- Refrigerator (2-8°C): 1-3 months ✓
- Room temperature: 2-3 weeks (emergency only)
- MUST refrigerate at 2-8°C
- 4-week maximum shelf life
- NEVER freeze after reconstitution
- Use bacteriostatic water for multi-dose
Storage & Handling Guide
Learn proper storage temperatures, shelf life timelines, reconstitution best practices, and travel tips for lyophilized and reconstituted peptides.
FAQ
What makes SS-31 unique?
SS-31 (Elamipretide) specifically targets mitochondria, concentrating in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It's designed to improve mitochondrial function, reduce oxidative stress, and support cellular energy production. It's in clinical trials for mitochondrial diseases and heart failure.
How does SS-31 work at the molecular level?
SS-31 binds to cardiolipin, a phospholipid found only in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This stabilizes the electron transport chain, improves ATP production efficiency, and reduces the leakage of electrons that create harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). The result is better energy production with less oxidative damage.
What conditions is SS-31 being studied for?
SS-31 is in clinical trials for primary mitochondrial myopathy, Barth syndrome, heart failure, age-related macular degeneration, and kidney disease. It's also researched for general aging, as mitochondrial dysfunction underlies many age-related diseases. Results have been promising for improving exercise capacity and reducing fatigue.
Can SS-31 improve exercise performance?
Research suggests SS-31 can improve exercise tolerance by enhancing mitochondrial ATP production. Clinical trials in patients with mitochondrial myopathy showed improved 6-minute walk distance and reduced fatigue. For healthy individuals, it may support endurance and recovery by optimizing cellular energy production.
How is SS-31 administered?
In clinical trials, SS-31 (Elamipretide) is administered via subcutaneous injection or intravenous infusion. Research dosages have ranged from 0.01 to 0.25 mg/kg. It has good bioavailability and rapidly concentrates in mitochondria-rich tissues like heart, muscle, and kidney.
What is the connection between SS-31 and aging?
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging — mitochondria become less efficient and produce more damaging ROS over time. SS-31 addresses this by stabilizing mitochondrial function. Animal studies show it can reverse age-related decline in cardiac function, muscle strength, and kidney function. It's considered a promising anti-aging intervention.
Is SS-31 FDA approved?
Not yet. SS-31 (as Elamipretide) has received FDA Fast Track and Orphan Drug designations for certain conditions. It's currently in Phase 3 trials for primary mitochondrial myopathy and has shown promise in Phase 2 trials for heart failure. Approval decisions are pending based on ongoing trial results.
What are the side effects of SS-31?
In clinical trials, SS-31 has been generally well-tolerated. The most common side effects include injection site reactions and mild headache. Some patients experienced transient flushing. Serious adverse events have been rare. Its safety profile is encouraging given its novel mechanism of action.
How long does reconstituted peptide last?
Once mixed with bacteriostatic water, peptides remain stable for up to 4 weeks when refrigerated at 2-8°C (36-46°F). Unopened powder can last 1+ year in the freezer. Get our complete Storage & Travel Guide.
Is this peptide legal to purchase?
Peptides sold "for research purposes only" are legal to purchase in the US, but are not FDA-approved for human use outside of specific medical applications. Always consult a healthcare provider before use.
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Scientific Sources
The following peer-reviewed studies and official resources provide additional scientific context for this peptide:
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